Methods for estimating k(T,P) values¶
The objective of each of the methods described in this section is to reduce the master equation into a small number of phenomenological rate coefficients \(k(T,P)\). All of the methods share a common formalism in that they seek to express the population distribution vector \(\mathbf{p}_i\) for each unimolecular isomer \(i\) as a linear combination of the total populations of all unimolecular isomers and bimolecular reactant channels.
The modified strong collision method¶
- rmgpy.pdep.msc.apply_modified_strong_collision_method(network, efficiency_model)¶
A method for applying the Modified Strong Collision approach for solving the master equation.
The modified strong collision method utilizes a greatly simplified collision model that allows for a decoupling of the energy grains. In the simplified collision model, collisional stabilization of a reactive isomer is treated as a single-step process, ignoring the effects of collisional energy redistribution within the reactive energy space. An attempt to correct for the effect of collisional energy redistribution is made by modifying the collision frequency \(\omega_i(T,P)\) with a collision efficiency \(\beta_i(T)\) estimated from the low-pressure limit fall-off of a single isomer.
By approximating the reactive populations as existing in pseudo-steady state, the master equation is converted to a matrix equation is at each energy. Solving these small matrix equations gives the pseudo-steady state populations of each isomer as a function of the total population of each isomer and reactant channel, which are then applied to determine the \(k(T,P)\) values.
In practice, the modified strong collision method is the fastest and most robust of the methods, and is reasonably accurate over a wide range of temperatures and pressures.
The reservoir state method¶
- rmgpy.pdep.rs.apply_reservoir_state_method(network)¶
A method for applying the Reservoir State approach for solving the master equation.
In the reservoir state method, the population distribution of each isomer is partitioned into the low-energy grains (called the reservoir) and the high-energy grains (called the active space). The partition generally occurs at or near the lowest transition state energy for each isomer. The reservoir population is assumed to be thermalized, while the active-space population is assumed to be in pseudo-steady state. Applying these approximations converts the master equation into a single large matrix equation. Solving this matrix equation gives the pseudo-steady state populations of each isomer as a function of the total population of each isomer and reactant channel, which are then applied to determine the \(k(T,P)\) values.
The reservoir state method is only slightly more expensive than the modified strong collision method. At low temperatures the approximations used are very good, and the resulting \(k(T,P)\) values are more accurate than the modified strong collision values. However, at high temperatures the thermalized reservoir approximation breaks down, resulting in very inaccurate \(k(T,P)\) values. Thus, the reservoir state method is not robustly applicable over a wide range of temperatures and pressures.
The chemically-significant eigenvalues method¶
- rmgpy.pdep.cse.apply_chemically_significant_eigenvalues_method(network, lumping_order=None, neglect_high_energy_collisions=False, high_energy_rate_tol=0.01)¶
A method for applying the Chemically Significant Eigenvalues approach for solving the master equation.
In the chemically-significant eigenvalues method, the master equation matrix is diagonized to determine its eigenmodes. Only the slowest of these modes are relevant to the chemistry; the rest involve internal energy relaxation due to collisions. Keeping only these “chemically-significant” eigenmodes allows for reduction to \(k(T,P)\) values.
The chemically-significant eigenvalues method is the most accurate method, and is considered to be exact as long as the chemically-significant eigenmodes are separable and distinct from the internal energy relaxation eigenmodes. However, this is often only the case near the high-pressure limit, even for networks of only modest size. The chemically-significant eigenvalues method is also substantially more expensive to apply than the other methods.
